Topknot Pigeon (front) and Pied Imperial-Pigeon (back)
Photo: J Bell © Australian Museum
Topknot Pigeon, juvenile in native fig tree.
Photo: Norman Chaffer Estate © Australian Museum
Distribution map of Lopholaimus antarcticus
Map © Birds Australia Birdata
Topknot Pigeon
Scientific name: Lopholaimus antarcticus
Family: Columbidae
Order: Columbiformes
What does it look like?
Description
The Topknot Pigeon is a large grey pigeon with a swept back crest that is grey in front and rusty red behind, giving the head an unique shape. It is darker grey above, with dark grey, rounded wings, and lighter grey below, with a pale tail band across the black tail. The eye and bill are red, and the bill has two large bluish-green bumps at the base. Females have a smaller, paler crest than males. Young birds resemble females, with more mottling and have a browner head with a much smaller crest. This species flies strongly and roosts high in tall trees. It may be seen feeding acrobatically among fruits, often hanging upside-down to reach them. It can be located by the sounds of falling fruit and its sharp screech while feeding.
Similar species
Young Topknot Pigeons might be confused with young White-headed Pigeons, but have a darker face, a banded tail and lack the greenish-black back. The Crested Pigeon, which is not at all similar, can sometimes be called a Topknot or Topknot Pigeon, but its crest is erect rather than drooping.
Where does it live?
Distribution
The Topknot Pigeon is found only in Australia, from Queensland, along the coast to Broken Bay, New South Wales. It is rare in Sydney, but has been seen as far south as Tathra and Bega, and occurs inland to Inverell. Some birds have been seen in eastern Victoria and single birds have been reported in Tasmania.
Habitat
The Topknot Pigeon is found in rainforests and nearby wet forests and woodlands, especially along moist sheltered gullies. It can also be found in drier forests and will fly across open areas to feed in rainforests or disturbed areas such as remnant forest patches, cleared farmlands, exotic trees and shrubs, particularly Camphor Laurel and privet. It is very rarely seen in suburban areas, but will forage on the outskirts of urban areas if Camphor Laurel and other fruits are available.
Seasonal movements
Nomadic and highly mobile, follows seasonal fruiting patterns. In Sydney, birds arrive from the north in autumn and winter. There is also some altitudinal migration, from coastal areas to highlands during spring and summer.
What does it do?
Feeding
The Topknot Pigeon is frugivorous, feeding on a variety of rainforest fruits, as well as those of the introduced Camphor Laurels. They mainly feed in the upper canopy, hanging from branches, often upside-down, to reach fruit, flapping their wings loudly to keep balance. They can be detected by the quantities of fruit they dislodge and the loud screeching they make while feeding. They will travel long distances to find food, often in large, straggling flocks.
Breeding
After an elaborate courtship of bowing and parading displays, with males also flying very high over canopy to attract females, the Topknot Pigeon forms monogamous breeding pairs. Both parents build the flat, loose and often flimsy stick nest in the crown of a tree, usually among bushy branches or vines, from 2 m to 12 m from the ground. Both sexes incubate the eggs and feed the young, using regurgitated 'pigeon milk' from their crops in the earliest stages. Adults call to their young when returning to the nest, and they are difficult to dislodge from the nest if disturbed, crouching protectively over their young until an intruder is quite close.
Living with us
Living with humans
Topknot Pigeons have lost part of their rainforest habitat to clearing, but have compensated by feeding on the introduced Camphor Laurel and they may spread this weed in agricultural areas.
References
Morcombe, M. 2000. Field guide to Australian Birds. Steve Parish Publishing.
Simpson, K and Day, N. 1999. Field guide to the birds of Australia, 6th Edition. Penguin Books, Australia.
Higgins, P.J. and S.J.J.F. Davies (eds) 1996. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, Volume 3 (Snipe to Pigeons). Oxford University Press, Victoria.